Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 1997

Geometry Difficulty 8.7 Shortlist Prove it Hong Kong

Let ABCABC be a triangle with ABC>BCA\angle ABC > \angle BCA and BCA30\angle BCA \ge 30^\circ. The angle bisectors of ABC\angle ABC and BCA\angle BCA meet the opposite sides of the triangle at the points DD and EE, respectively. The line BDBD intersects the line CECE at PP. Assume that PD=PEPD = PE and that the incircle of the triangle ABCABC has radius 1. Determine the largest possible length of BCBC.

Solution

The largest possible value of BCBC is 3+33 + \sqrt{3}.
Since PD=PEPD = PE and APAP bisects EAD\angle EAD, the quadrilateral AEPDAEPD is cyclic or it is a kite. The latter case is impossible since B>C\angle B > \angle C. Thus, we have
180=EAD+DPE=A+(90+A2)=90+3A2. 180^{\circ} = \angle EAD + \angle DPE = A + \left(90^{\circ} + \frac{A}{2}\right) = 90^{\circ} + \frac{3A}{2}.
This implies A=60A = 60^{\circ}.

Figure 1

As usual, let a, b, c and s be the lengths of BCBC, CACA, ABAB and the semiperimeter respectively. Firstly, since the inradius is 1, we have
sa=cotA2=3. s - a = \cot \frac{A}{2} = \sqrt{3}.

By the sine law, we have asin60=bsinB=csinC\frac{a}{\sin 60^\circ} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C}, and so
2a3=b+casinB+sinCsin60. \frac{2a}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{b+c-a}{\sin B + \sin C - \sin 60^\circ}.
Note that
sinB+sinC=2sinB+C2cosBC2=3cos(60C). \sin B + \sin C = 2 \sin \frac{B+C}{2} \cos \frac{B-C}{2} = \sqrt{3} \cos (60^\circ - C).
Therefore, we have
a=3(sa)sinB+sinCsin60=232cos(60C)1232cos(6030)1=3+3. a = \frac{\sqrt{3}(s-a)}{\sin B + \sin C - \sin 60^\circ} = \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{2\cos(60^\circ - C) - 1} \le \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{2\cos(60^\circ - 30^\circ) - 1} = 3 + \sqrt{3}.
Equality holds when C=30C = 30^\circ and B=90B = 90^\circ.

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