Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /86 of 158

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Estonia

Let dd be a positive number. On the parabola, whose equation has the coefficient 11 at the quadratic term, points AA, BB and CC are chosen in such a way that the difference of the xx-coordinates of points AA and BB is dd and the difference of the xx-coordinates of points BB and CC is also dd. Find the area of the triangle ABCABC.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Without loss of generality assume that equation of the parabola is y=x2y = x^2 (Fig. 2). Let the abscissas of the points AA, BB, and CC be aa, bb, and cc. Let AA', BB', and CC' be the projections of AA, BB and CC onto the xx-axis. Denoting the area of a region KK by SKS_K we have
SABC=SACCASABBASBCCB.S_{ABC} = S_{ACC'A'} - S_{ABB'A'} - S_{BCC'B'}. Since SACCA=2da2+c22S_{ACC'A'} = 2d \cdot \frac{a^2+c^2}{2}, SABBA=da2+b22S_{ABB'A'} = d \cdot \frac{a^2+b^2}{2}, SBCCB=db2+c22S_{BCC'B'} = d \cdot \frac{b^2+c^2}{2}, it follows that

Figure 1

12d(2a2+2c2a2b2b2c2)=12d(a2b2b2+c2)=12d(d(a+b)d(b+c))=12d2(ac)=12d22d=d3. \frac{1}{2}d(2a^2 + 2c^2 - a^2 - b^2 - b^2 - c^2) = \frac{1}{2}d(a^2 - b^2 - b^2 + c^2) = \frac{1}{2}d(d(a+b) - d(b+c)) = \frac{1}{2}d^2(a-c) = \frac{1}{2}d^2 \cdot 2d = d^3.

Solution 2

Without loss of generality we can assume that point BB lies at the origin. Then the equation of the parabola is y=x2+pxy = x^2 + px with some pp. The coordinates of AA and CC are then (d,d2+pd)(d, d^2 + pd) and (d,d2pd)(-d, d^2 - pd). Let DD be the midpoint of the segment ACAC. Its coordinates are (0,d2)(0, d^2), so BDBD is perpendicular to the xx-axis, hence the lengths of the altitudes of both triangles ABDABD and BCDBCD with the base BDBD are dd. So both the triangles have area d32\frac{d^3}{2}, hence the area of the triangle ABCABC is d3d^3.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.