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Geometry Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Prove it Saudi Arabia

An acute scalene triangle ABCABC is inscribed in a circle kk. The bisector of angle ABC\angle ABC meets side BCBC at point DD. Let II be an arbitrary point on the segment ADAD, and let HH be the orthogonal projection of II onto BCBC. Circle ω\omega is centered at II and passes through HH, and UU is the internal homothety center of the circles kk and ω\omega. Prove that UU lies on a fixed line as II moves on ADAD, and that AIAI bisects the angle HAUHAU.

Figure 1

Solution

Let MM, NN be the midpoint of minor arc and major arc BCBC of circle (O)(O), respectively, then points AA, DD, MM are collinear. Let TT be the intersection of the two tangent lines at BB and CC of (O)(O) and JJ the midpoint of BCBC. First, by the angle chasing, we have TBM=BAM=MBC\angle TBM = \angle BAM = \angle MBC so BMBM is the internal bisector of CBT\angle CBT. Thus, MM is the center of the incircle of the triangle BTCBTC, denoted by (M)(M). Then it is easy to see that DD is the internal homothety center of (ω)(\omega) and (M)(M); and TT is the external homothety center of (M)(M) with (O)(O).

Applying Monge D'Alembert's theorem to three circles (I)(I), (M)(M), (O)(O), we see that UU, DD, TT are collinear which implies that TT belongs to the fixed line TDTD.

Let VV be the external homothety center of (ω)(\omega) with (O)(O), since IHMNIH \parallel MN, points VV, HH, MM are collinear. Note that since UU is the inner center of (ω)(\omega) and (O)(O), HH, UU, NN is collinear because IHONIH \parallel ON. Then we have
A(UH,IN)=A(UM,HN)=M(UH,AN)=M(UV,IO). A(UH, IN) = A(UM, HN) = M(UH, AN) = M(UV, IO).
On the other hand, since UU, VV is the internal, external homothety centers of (ω)(\omega) and (O)(O), (UV,IO)=1(UV, IO) = -1. From this it follows that A(UH,IN)=1A(UH, IN) = -1. Since AIANAI \perp AN, by the property of harmonic bundles, AIAI is the internal bisector of angle HANHAN. \square

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