Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2021

Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it Hong Kong

Let ABC\triangle ABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle Γ\Gamma, and let PP be the midpoint of the minor arc BCBC of Γ\Gamma. Let APAP meet BCBC at DD, and let MM be the midpoint of ABAB. Also, let EE be the point such that AEABAE \perp AB and BEMPBE \perp MP. Prove that AE=DEAE = DE.

Solution

Since PP is the midpoint of the minor arc BCBC, ADAD is the internal angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC.
Let EE' be the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of ADAD and the line through AA perpendicular to ABAB. Using the method of false position, it suffices to show BEMPBE' \perp MP, and then conclude E=EE' = E. Let Ω\Omega be the circle with centre EE' that passes through AA (and hence DD).

Figure 1

Since ABAEAB \perp AE', ABAB is tangent to Ω\Omega. As MA=MBMA = MB, the powers of MM with respect to Ω\Omega and BB are equal. Since PBD=PAC=PAB\angle PBD = \angle PAC = \angle PAB, we have PBDPAB\triangle PBD \sim \triangle PAB, so PB2=PD×PAPB^2 = PD \times PA. Therefore, the powers of PP with respect to Ω\Omega and BB are equal.
From above, both MM and PP lie on the radical axis of Ω\Omega and BB. Hence, MPMP is perpendicular to the line joining the centres of the two circles, i.e. EBE'B. The result follows from above.

Figure 1

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