Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2013

Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it Czech-Polish-Slovak Mathematical Match

Let ABCDABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral with BC=CDBC = CD, let ω\omega be the circle centered at CC tangent to BDBD, and let II be the incenter of ABDABD. Show that the line through II parallel to ABAB is tangent to ω\omega.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let pp be the line tangent at DD to the circumcircle Γ\Gamma of ABCDABCD. Since CC is the midpoint of the arc BDBD, we have (CD,p)=CAD=BAC=BDC\angle(CD, p) = \angle CAD = \angle BAC = \angle BDC, and we see that pp is tangent to ω\omega. Similarly, if EE is the midpoint of the arc DADA of Γ\Gamma, then pp is tangent to the circle ω\omega' centered at EE tangent to DADA. Thus the line qq symmetric to pp with respect to CECE is tangent to ω\omega and ω\omega' (Fig. 2). However, the well-known relations CD=CICD = CI and ED=EIED = EI imply that DD and II are symmetric with respect to CECE. Hence II lies on qq and it remains to show that qABq \parallel AB. This follows from
(q,IC)=(CD,p)=CAD=BAC \angle(q, IC) = \angle(CD, p) = \angle CAD = \angle BAC
(all angles here are directed).

Figure 1
Fig. 2

Solution 2

Let qq denote the line through II parallel to ABAB. PP is the orthogonal projection of CC on qq, MM is the midpoint of BDBD (Fig. 3). We have
CIP=CAB=CDB=CDM \angle CIP = \angle CAB = \angle CDB = \angle CDM
Applying the well-known relation CD=CICD = CI, we conclude right triangles CDMCDM and CIPCIP are congruent, so CM=CPCM = CP. The conclusion follows.

Figure 2
Fig. 3

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