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Algebra Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it Brazil

The real numbers aa and bb satisfy (a+b)(a+1)(b+1)=2(a+b)(a+1)(b+1) = 2 and a3+b3=1a^3 + b^3 = 1. Find a+ba+b.

Solution

Let S=a+bS = a+b and P=abP = ab. Then (a+1)(b+1)=ab+a+b+1=P+S+1(a+1)(b+1) = ab + a + b + 1 = P + S + 1 and a3+b3=(a+b)(a2ab+b2)=S(S23P)a^3 + b^3 = (a+b)(a^2 - ab + b^2) = S(S^2 - 3P). So

\left| \right.
S(P+S+1)=2S(S23P)=1\begin{array}{l} S(P + S + 1) = 2 \\ S(S^2 - 3P) = 1 \end{array}
    \left. \right. \iff
3SP+3S2+3S+S33PS=32+1S3+3S2+3S=7(S+1)3=8    S=1.\begin{array}{l} 3SP + 3S^2 + 3S + S^3 - 3PS = 3 \cdot 2 + 1 \\ S^3 + 3S^2 + 3S = 7 \\ (S + 1)^3 = 8 \iff S = 1. \end{array}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.