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Number theory Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Estonia

Find all pairs (a,b)(a, b) of integers satisfying the equality
3(a2+b2)7(a+b)=4. 3(a^2 + b^2) - 7(a + b) = -4.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

The given equation is equivalent to (6a7)2+(6b7)2=50(6a - 7)^2 + (6b - 7)^2 = 50. Number 5050 can be represented as the sum of two squares as 25+2525 + 25 or 1+491 + 49. Hence both 6a76a - 7 and 6b76b - 7 must be among the numbers 7,5,1,1,57, 5, 1, -1, -5 and 7-7. As both aa and bb are integers, only 5,15, -1 and 7-7 fit. We obtain the following cases: 6a7=56a - 7 = 5, 6b7=56b - 7 = 5; 6a7=16a - 7 = -1, 6b7=76b - 7 = -7; 6a7=76a - 7 = -7, 6b7=16b - 7 = -1. The corresponding solutions are a=2,b=2a = 2, b = 2; a=1,b=0a = 1, b = 0; and a=0,b=1a = 0, b = 1.

Solution 2

Consider the equation as a quadratic equation w.r.t. bb. In order to have solutions, its discriminant must be non-negative, i.e., 4912(3a27a+4)049 - 12(3a^2 - 7a + 4) \ge 0. This condition is equivalent to the quadratic inequality 36a284a1036a^2 - 84a - 1 \le 0, whose solutions are (750)/6a(7+50)/6(7 - \sqrt{50})/6 \le a \le (7 + \sqrt{50})/6. As aa is an integer, its only suitable values are 0,10, 1, and 22, the corresponding values of bb are 1,01, 0, and 22.

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