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Geometry Difficulty 7.5 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Romania

Let ABCABC and ABDABD be coplanar triangles with equal perimeters. The lines of support of the internal bisectors of the angles CADCAD and CBDCBD meet at PP. Show that the angles APCAPC and BPDBPD are congruent.

Solution

Extend the segment ACAC beyond CC by a segment CECE congruent to the segment CBCB, so CC lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment BEBE. Similarly, extend the segment BDBD beyond DD by a segment DFDF congruent to the segment ADAD, so DD lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment AFAF. Since the triangles ABCABC and ABDABD have equal perimeters, the segments AEAE and BFBF are congruent.

Figure 1

Now let the perpendicular bisectors of the segments AFAF and BEBE meet at QQ. Clearly, the segments QAQA and QFQF, respectively QEQE and QBQB, are congruent, and since so are the segments AEAE and BFBF by the preceding, the triangles QAEQAE and QFBQFB are congruent. Therefore, the angles AQFAQF and BQEBQE are congruent, and hence so are their halves; that is, the angles AQDAQD and BQCBQC are congruent, and consequently so are the angles AQCAQC and BQDBQD.

We now show that, in fact, the points PP and QQ coincide, whence the conclusion. With reference again to the congruence of the triangles QAEQAE and QFBQFB, the angles QAEQAE and QFBQFB are congruent, and since the latter is the reflection of the angle QADQAD in the line QDQD, it follows that the angles QAC=QAEQAC = QAE and QADQAD are congruent, so the line AQAQ bisects the angle CADCAD. Similarly, the line BQBQ bisects the angle CBDCBD, and consequently the points PP and QQ coincide.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.