Let and be two integers greater than and let be given a rectangular board. At each step, one puts simultaneously marbles into cells of the board (each marble into a cell) so that these four cells form one of the following schemata.



Is it true that starting from a rectangular board without marbles in it after a finite number of steps of appropriate puttings, one can put marbles into all cells of the board so that each cell is filled with a same (positive) number of marbles for all cells when:
i) and ?
ii) and ?
(At each step, it is not necessary that the four cells which are selected to put marbles into contained no marbles).
, 2006
Solution
i) After two steps: one can put into each cell of a small board of size a marble. One can partition the given board of size into small boards of size . Therefore, after some steps, one can put marbles into all cells of the given board so that the number of marbles in each cell is the same for all cells.
ii) We now prove by contradiction that in the second case, the response to the problem is "no". Indeed, suppose that the contrary: after some steps, there would be marbles () in each cell of the given board of size . Color black all cells belonging to the odd rows and consider each non colored cell as white. Then, the number of black cells is equal to and the number of white cells is equal to . But at each step we put exactly marbles into black cells and marbles in white cells. Therefore, after an arbitrary number of steps, the number of marbles in all black cells must be equal to the number of the marbles in all white cells. Consequently, we would have and so get . This contradiction proves our assertion.