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Geometry Difficulty 7.2 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it New Zealand

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be a square (vertices labelled in clockwise order). Let ZZ be any point on diagonal ACAC between AA and CC such that AZ>ZCAZ > ZC. Points XX and YY exist such that AXYZAXYZ is a square (vertices labelled in clockwise order) and point BB lies inside AXYZAXYZ. Let MM be the point of intersection of lines BXBX and DZDZ (extended if necessary). Prove that CC, MM and YY are collinear.

Solution

Solution:

Since ZZ lies on diagonal ACAC, we have DAZ=45\angle DAZ = 45^{\circ} and ZAB=45\angle ZAB = 45^{\circ}. Therefore BB lies on diagonal AYAY of square AXYZAXYZ and BAX=45\angle BAX = 45^{\circ}.

Figure 1

Since AB=ADAB = AD and AX=AZAX = AZ and BAX=45=DAZ\angle BAX = 45^{\circ} = \angle DAZ, we have congruent triangles
DAZBAX(SAS). \triangle DAZ \equiv \triangle BAX \qquad (SAS).
Therefore let x=ZDA=XBAx = \angle ZDA = \angle XBA and y=AZD=AXBy = \angle AZD = \angle AXB. By the angle sum in triangle DAZDAZ we have DAZ+AZD+ZDA=180\angle DAZ + \angle AZD + \angle ZDA = 180^{\circ}. Therefore x+y=135x + y = 135^{\circ}. Now by the angle sum in quadrilateral DAXMDAXM we get DAX+AXM+XMD+MDA=360\angle DAX + \angle AXM + \angle XMD + \angle MDA = 360^{\circ}. Therefore
BMD=90. \angle BMD = 90^{\circ}.
Hence ABMCDABMCD is cyclic (the circle with diameter BDBD). Therefore
DMC=DAC=45. \angle DMC = \angle DAC = 45^{\circ}.
Also AXYMZAXYMZ is cyclic (the circle with diameter XZXZ). Therefore
YMX=YAX=45. \angle YMX = \angle YAX = 45^{\circ}.
Hence YMC=YMX+YMD+DMC=45+90+45=180\angle YMC = \angle YMX + \angle YMD + \angle DMC = 45^{\circ} + 90^{\circ} + 45^{\circ} = 180^{\circ} as required.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.