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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Prove it Silk Road Mathematics Competition

The incircle of ABC\triangle ABC with center II touches the sides ABAB and ACAC at points PP and QQ, respectively. BIBI and CICI intersect PQPQ at KK and LL, respectively. Prove that circumcircle of ILK\triangle ILK touches the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC if and only if AB+AC=3BCAB + AC = 3BC.

Solution

Let BC=aBC = a, AC=bAC = b, AB=cAB = c and CAB=α\angle CAB = \alpha, ABC=β\angle ABC = \beta, BCA=γ\angle BCA = \gamma. Let DD be the intersection point of BLBL and CKCK. Note that PAQ\triangle PAQ is isosceles.
BKL=APKABK=πα2β2=α+β+γαγ2=γ2=ACB2. \angle BKL = \angle APK - \angle ABK = \frac{\pi - \alpha}{2} - \frac{\beta}{2} = \frac{\alpha + \beta + \gamma - \alpha - \gamma}{2} = \frac{\gamma}{2} = \frac{\angle ACB}{2}.
Since IKL=BKL=ABC/2=ACI\angle IKL = \angle BKL = \angle ABC/2 = \angle ACI, the points I,K,Q,CI, K, Q, C are concyclic, and hence, IKC=IQC=π/2\angle IKC = \angle IQC = \pi/2. Similarly, ILB=π/2\angle ILB = \pi/2. Therefore, the points B,L,K,CB, L, K, C are concyclic, and the points I,L,D,KI, L, D, K are also. Particularly, BCBC is a diameter of the circumscribed circle of CLK\triangle CLK and IDID is a diameter of the circumscribed circle of ILK\triangle ILK.

Using the sines law in ILK\triangle ILK we have
ID=IKsinLDK=LKcosLCK, ID = \frac{IK}{\sin \angle LDK} = \frac{LK}{\cos \angle LCK},
and in CLK\triangle CLK we have a=LKsinLCKa = \frac{LK}{\sin \angle LCK}.
Therefore, ID=atanLCKID = a \tan \angle LCK.
Since sinLCK=sinIQK=sin(α/2)\sin \angle LCK = \sin \angle IQK = \sin(\alpha/2), we also can write that ID=tan(α/2)ID = \tan(\alpha/2). On the other hand, r=AQtan(α/2)r = AQ \tan(\alpha/2) and AQ=(b+ca)/2AQ = (b+c-a)/2, where rr is a radius of incircle of ABC\triangle ABC.

Circumcircle of ILK\triangle ILK touches the incircle of ABC    \triangle ABC \iff diameter of the circumcircle of ILK\triangle ILK is equal to the radius of incircle of ABC\triangle ABC.

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