Problem:
A lattice point is a point whose coordinates are both integers. Suppose Johann walks in a line from the point to a random lattice point in the interior (not on the boundary) of the square with vertices , , , . What is the probability that his path, including the endpoints, contains an even number of lattice points?
Solution
Solution:
If Johann picks the point , the path will contain points. There will be an odd number of points in the path if is even, which is true if and only if and are both even. Since there are points with both even and total points, the probability that the path contains an even number of points is
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