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Algebra Difficulty 4.8 AIME Prove it Bulgaria

Solve the system
x2+y216(x+y)9y+7=y2x+13xy4=y+42 \left| \begin{array}{l} \sqrt{x^2 + y^2 - 16(x + y) - 9y + 7} = y - 2 \\ x + 13\sqrt[4]{x - y} = y + 42 \end{array} \right.

Solution

Writing the second equation in the form
xy+13xy442=0x - y + 13\sqrt[4]{x - y} - 42 = 0
and setting u=xy4u = \sqrt[4]{x-y}, u0u \ge 0, we get that u4+13u42=0u^4 + 13u - 42 = 0. Note that this equation has only one positive root u=2u = 2 and hence x=y+16x = y + 16. Then the first equation easily gives
y25y+3=0.y^2 - 5y + 3 = 0.
The last equation has roots y1,2=5±132y_{1,2} = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2}. Since y20y - 2 \ge 0 and 5132<2\frac{5 - \sqrt{13}}{2} < 2, it follows that
x=37+132,y=5+132. x = \frac{37 + \sqrt{13}}{2}, \quad y = \frac{5 + \sqrt{13}}{2}.

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