Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Let ABCABC be a triangle with altitudes ADAD, BFBF and CECE. Let PP and QQ be two points on line EFEF such that EP=DFEP = DF (EE is between PP and FF) and QF=DEQF = DE (FF is between EE and QQ). Assuming that the perpendicular bisector of DQDQ intersects ABAB at XX and the perpendicular bisector of DPDP intersects ACAC at YY, prove that the midpoint of BCBC lies on line XYXY.

Solution

It is claimed that XYXY is the perpendicular bisector of EFEF. To show it, first a lemma is proved.

Lemma. Let DD be a point on the extension of side ABAB of triangle ABCABC such that AA is between BB and DD, and AD=BCAD = BC. Let OO be the intersection point of external angle bisector of vertex BB in triangle ABCABC and the perpendicular bisector of DCDC. Then OO lies on the perpendicular bisector of ABAB.

Proof. Let EE be a point on the extension of side ABAB of triangle ABCABC such that BB is between EE and AA and BE=BCBE = BC. Since triangle EBCEBC is isosceles, the external angle bisector of BB is the perpendicular bisector of ECEC. Therefore, OO is the intersection point of perpendicular bisectors of ACAC and CECE, which means OO is the circumcenter of triangle DECDEC, so OO lies on the perpendicular bisector of DEDE. Since BE=ADBE = AD, this line is the perpendicular bisector of ABAB as well, which completes the proof.

Figure 1

Note that AEAE and AFAF are the external angle bisectors of triangle DEFDEF. Using the lemma for triangle DEFDEF and point QQ on the extension of EFEF implies that XX lies on the perpendicular bisector of EFEF. By a similar argument, YY lies on it too, which means that XYXY is the perpendicular bisector of EFEF. On the other hand, since points EE, FF, CC and BB lie on a circle with diameter BCBC (BEC=BFC=90\angle BEC = \angle BFC = 90^\circ), the midpoint of BCBC is the center of this circle and lies on the perpendicular bisector of EFEF. Therefore, the midpoint of BCBC lies on line XYXY.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.