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Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it North Macedonia

Two sides of a triangular pyramid are equilateral triangles with length acma\,\mathrm{cm}. The planes of these triangles are normal to each other. Find the area and volume of the pyramid.

Solution

Let ABCDABCD be a pyramid, where ABCABC and ABDABD are equilateral triangles with length acma\,\mathrm{cm}, i.e. AC=BC=AB=AD=BD=acm\overline{AC} = \overline{BC} = \overline{AB} = \overline{AD} = \overline{BD} = a\,\mathrm{cm}. Let CNCN and DNDN be the heights in the triangles ABCABC and ABDABD respectively. Therefore CNABCN \perp AB and
Figure 1

If the triangle ABCABC is the pyramid base, then the height of the pyramid is DNDN, so the volume is V=13PΔABCDN=13a234a32=a38cm3V = \frac{1}{3} \cdot P_{\Delta ABC} \cdot \overline{DN} = \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a^2 \sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{a^3}{8}\,\mathrm{cm}^3,
because CNDNCN \perp DN. CNDCND is isosceles right triangle and CN=DN=a32cm\overline{CN} = \overline{DN} = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\,\mathrm{cm}.
Therefore CD=(a32)2+(a32)2=a322=a62cm\overline{CD} = \sqrt{\left(\frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2} = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2} \sqrt{2} = \frac{a\sqrt{6}}{2}\,\mathrm{cm}. The triangles CDACDA and CDBCDB
are congruent, so PΔCDA=PΔCDB=12a62a2(a64)2=12a62a104=a2158cm2P_{\Delta CDA} = P_{\Delta CDB} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{a\sqrt{6}}{2} \cdot \sqrt{a^2 - \left(\frac{a\sqrt{6}}{4}\right)^2} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{a\sqrt{6}}{2} \cdot \frac{a\sqrt{10}}{4} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{15}}{8}\,\mathrm{cm}^2.
Finally the area of the pyramid is P=2a234+2a258=a23(2+5)4cm2P = 2 \cdot \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} + 2 \cdot \frac{a^2\sqrt{5}}{8} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}(2+\sqrt{5})}{4}\,\mathrm{cm}^2.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.