Let us analyze the properties:
i. (a+b)Δb=aΔb+1
ii. (aΔb)⋅(bΔa)=0
From i., for fixed b, the function f(a)=aΔb satisfies f(a+1)=f(a)+1 for a≥1. This means f(a) is an affine function in a:
Let f(a)=aΔb. Then f(a+1)=f(a)+1 implies f(a)=a+c for some constant c depending on b.
But let's check the initial value. For a=1, f(1)=1Δb=d for some d≥0.
Then f(a)=d+(a−1), so aΔb=a−1+d.
But now consider property ii: (aΔb)⋅(bΔa)=0 for all a,b.
This means for any a,b, at least one of aΔb or bΔa is zero.
Suppose aΔb=0. Then by i., (a+1)Δb=aΔb+1=1, (a+2)Δb=2, etc. So for fixed b, there is a unique a0 such that a0Δb=0, and for a>a0, aΔb=a−a0.
Similarly, for fixed a, there is a unique b0 such that b0Δa=0.
But for all a,b, at least one of aΔb or bΔa is zero. This is only possible if for all a=b, either aΔb=0 or bΔa=0.
Let us try to construct such a function. Suppose xΔy=0 if x≤y, and xΔy=x−y if x>y.
Check property i:
If a>b, then (a+b)>b, so (a+b)Δb=(a+b)−b=a.
aΔb=a−b, so aΔb+1=a−b+1.
But (a+b)Δb=a, aΔb+1=a−b+1. These are equal only if b=1.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x>y.
Check property i:
If a>0, b>0.
Case 1: a+b>b so (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a>b, aΔb=a−b+1, so aΔb+1=a−b+2.
- If a=b, aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
- If a<b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1 always.
So for a<b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=a+1.
So only possible if a=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x≤y, xΔy=1 if x>y.
Check property i:
If a>b, (a+b)>b, so (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x≤y, xΔy=1 if x>y.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, so (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, so (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x≤y, xΔy=1 if x>y.
Check property i:
If a>b, (a+b)>b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x<y, xΔy=1 if x≥y.
Check property i:
If a≥b, (a+b)≥b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Check property i:
If a=b, (a+b)=b, (a+b)Δb=1.
aΔb=1, aΔb+1=2.
But (a+b)Δb=1, aΔb+1=2.
Alternatively, try xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=x−y+1 if x=y.
If x=y, xΔy=0.
If x=y, xΔy=x−y+1.
Check property i:
(a+b)Δb:
- If a+b=b, a=0, not possible for positive integers.
- If a+b=b, (a+b)Δb=a+b−b+1=a+1.
aΔb:
- If a=b, aΔb=0, aΔb+1=1.
- If a=b, aΔb=a−b+1, aΔb+1=a−b+2.
But (a+b)Δb=a+1.
If a=b, aΔb+1=1, (a+b)Δb=b+1.
So only possible if b=0.
Therefore, the only possible function is xΔy=0 if x=y, xΔy=1 if x=y.
Thus, 2016Δ121=1 (since 2016=121), 2016Δ144=1 (since 2016=144).
Answer:
2016Δ121=1
2016Δ144=1