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Algebra Difficulty 7.7 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it IMO

Let aa, bb, cc, dd be positive real numbers such that
abcd=1 and a+b+c+d>ab+bc+cd+da a b c d = 1 \quad \text{ and } \quad a + b + c + d > \frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{d}{a}
Prove that
a+b+c+d<ba+cb+dc+ad a + b + c + d < \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{d}{c} + \frac{a}{d}

Solution

We show that if abcd=1a b c d = 1, the sum a+b+c+da + b + c + d cannot exceed a certain weighted mean of the expressions ab+bc+cd+da\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{d}{a} and ba+cb+dc+ad\frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{d}{c} + \frac{a}{d}.
By applying the AM-GM inequality to the numbers ab\frac{a}{b}, ab\frac{a}{b}, bc\frac{b}{c} and ad\frac{a}{d}, we obtain
a=a4abcd4=ababbcad414(ab+ab+bc+ad) a = \sqrt[4]{\frac{a^4}{a b c d}} = \sqrt[4]{\frac{a}{b} \cdot \frac{a}{b} \cdot \frac{b}{c} \cdot \frac{a}{d}} \leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b} + \frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{a}{d}\right)
Analogously,
b14(bc+bc+cd+ba),c14(cd+cd+da+cb) and d14(da+da+ab+dc). b \leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{b}{a}\right), \quad c \leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{d} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{d}{a} + \frac{c}{b}\right) \quad \text{ and } \quad d \leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{d}{a} + \frac{d}{a} + \frac{a}{b} + \frac{d}{c}\right).
Summing up these estimates yields
a+b+c+d34(ab+bc+cd+da)+14(ba+cb+dc+ad). a + b + c + d \leq \frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{d}{a}\right) + \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{d}{c} + \frac{a}{d}\right).
In particular, if a+b+c+d>ab+bc+cd+daa + b + c + d > \frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{c} + \frac{c}{d} + \frac{d}{a} then a+b+c+d<ba+cb+dc+ada + b + c + d < \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b} + \frac{d}{c} + \frac{a}{d}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.