Find all functions f:R→R, g:R→R satisfying the following equality f(f(x+y))=xf(y)+g(x) for all real x and y. (I. Gorodnin)
Solution
Answer: f(x)=a, g(x)=a−ax for all a∈R.
Let a=f(0), b=g(0). Note that due to the symmetry the given equation implies xf(y)+g(x)=yf(x)+g(y).(1) Set y=0 in (1), then we have g(x)=b−ax. Now set y=1 in (1), then f(x)=(f(1)−a)x+a=a+cx. Now substituting g(x) and f(x) in the given equation we easily obtain that c=0, b=a.
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