Let ABCD be a square. Points E and F lie on sides CD and DA, respectively, such that EBF=45∘. Given that DE=1234, determine the number of triples (k,m,n) of positive integers with AB=k, DF=m, and EF=n.
Solution
Let DBE=x, DBF=y, and construct the point E′ on the ray DA such that E′BA=y.
The triangles BEC and BE′A are congruent, so BE′=BE. Also, we have △BEF≅△BE′F by SAS congruency.
From E′F=E′A+AF=EC+AF=(k−1234)+k−m and E′F=EF=n, it follows n=(k−1234)+(k−m), and hence we get k=21(m+n+1234).(1) The triples (k,m,n) are in bijection with the pairs (m,n) satisfying m2+1268=n2. Indeed, any integral solution (m,n) to m2+1268=n2 satisfies m≡n(mod2), meaning k is an integer. We can write 1268=n2−m2=(n−m)(n+m)=4⋅2n−m⋅2n+m,(2) which is the same as 2134⋅368=2n−m⋅2n+m.(3) For every divisor d of 2134⋅368, with d2<2134⋅368, we obtain a solution 2n−m=d, 2n+m=d2134⋅368>d and conversely. We get 2135⋅69−1 solutions since 2134⋅368 has 135⋅69 divisors.
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