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Mongolian National Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Mongolia

Let II be the incenter of triangle ABCABC. Let DD be a point on side BCBC, and EE be a point on ray BCBC such that CC lies between EE and DD and BDDC=BEEC\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{BE}{EC}. Let HH be the foot of perpendicular from DD to line IEIE. Prove that ∠AHE=∠IDE\angle AHE = \angle IDE.
(Proposed by B. Battsengel, G. Batzaya)

Solution

Let ω\omega be the incircle of the triangle ABCABC, A1A_1, B1B_1, C1C_1 be the touching points of ω\omega with sides BCBC, ACAC and ABAB respectively. Let ω′\omega' be the circle with diameter EIEI, and KK be the intersection point of ω\omega and ω′\omega', different from A1A_1. Denote by MM be the intersection point of AKAK and ω′\omega'. We claim that I,MI, M and DD are collinear. For this, it suffices to show that E,C,D′E, C, D' and BB are harmonic because DD is uniquely determined by the given ratio, where D′D' is the intersection point of IMIM and BCBC. Since ∠MLA1=∠KC1A1=∠KIE=∠KME\angle MLA_1 = \angle KC_1A_1 = \angle KIE = \angle KME we get LA1∥EMLA_1 \parallel EM and so LA1⊥MILA_1 \perp MI, i.e, D′LD'L is tangent to the circle ω\omega. Thus
sin(∠D′IB)=sin⁡(∠LIC1/2) and sin⁡(∠CID′)=sin⁡(∠B1IL/2).(∗) sin(\angle D'IB) = \sin(\angle LIC_1/2) \text{ and } \sin(\angle CID') = \sin(\angle B_1IL/2). \quad (*)
Clearly, the points K,B1,L,C1K, B_1, L, C_1 are harmonic and the cross-ratio is defined as a ratio of sines. Therefore we can conclude that E,C,D′E, C, D' and BB are harmonic since sin⁡(∠EIB)=sin⁡(∠KIC1/2)\sin(\angle EIB) = \sin(\angle KIC_1/2), sin⁡(∠EIC)=sin⁡(∠KIB1/2)\sin(\angle EIC) = \sin(\angle KIB_1/2) and (∗)(*). Hence D=D′D = D', implying the claim.
Let H′H' be the intersection point of EIEI and AKAK. Since ∠KEI=∠KMI=∠IEA1\angle KEI = \angle KMI = \angle IEA_1 the points H′,E,MH', E, M and DD lie on a circle. Thus H=H′H = H' and ∠AH′E=∠ID′E\angle AH'E = \angle ID'E.

Figure 1

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