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Algebra Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it Romania

Let a,b,c>0a, b, c > 0 such that abc2a \ge bc^2, bca2b \ge ca^2 and cab2c \ge ab^2. Determine the maximum value of the expression E=abc(abc2)(bca2)(cab2)E = abc(a - bc^2)(b - ca^2)(c - ab^2).

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

With x=abx = ab, y=bcy = bc, z=caz = ca, we have to find max(xy2)(yz2)(zx2)\max(x - y^2)(y - z^2)(z - x^2). From the AM-GM inequality, the product is at most

((xx2+yy2+zz2)3)3 \left( \frac{(x - x^2 + y - y^2 + z - z^2)}{3} \right)^3
But xx214x - x^2 \le \frac{1}{4} and its analogues lead to (xy2)(yz2)(zx2)143(x - y^2)(y - z^2)(z - x^2) \le \frac{1}{4^3}. This value, 143\frac{1}{4^3}, is indeed obtained for x=y=z=12x = y = z = \frac{1}{2}, that is for a=b=c=12a = b = c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, so the desired maximum value is 143\frac{1}{4^3}.

Solution 2

By using the Taiwanese Transformation, that is a=xbc2a = x \cdot bc^2, b=yca2b = y \cdot ca^2, c=zab2c = z \cdot ab^2 (with xyz1xyz \ge 1) we obtain (xyz)(abc)2=1(xyz)(abc)^2 = 1. So
E=a4b4c4(x1)(y1)(z1)=(x1)(y1)(z1)x2y2z2164, E = a^4 b^4 c^4 (x-1)(y-1)(z-1) = \frac{(x-1)(y-1)(z-1)}{x^2 y^2 z^2} \le \frac{1}{64},
since t1t214\frac{t-1}{t^2} \le \frac{1}{4} when t1t \ge 1, thus for t{x,y,z}t \in \{x, y, z\}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.