Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:
Let XX be the point on side BCBC such that BX=CDBX = CD. Show that the excircle ABCABC opposite of vertex AA touches segment BCBC at XX.

Solution

Solution:
Let the excircle touch lines BCBC, ACAC and ABAB at XX', YY and ZZ, respectively. Using the equal tangent property repeatedly, we have
BXXC=BZCY=(EYCY)(FZBZ)=CEBF=CDBD. BX' - X'C = BZ - CY = (EY - CY) - (FZ - BZ) = CE - BF = CD - BD.
It follows that BX=CDBX' = CD, and thus X=XX' = X. So the excircle touches BCBC at XX.

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.