Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:

In triangle ABCA B C with area 5151, points DD and EE trisect ABA B and points FF and GG trisect BCB C. Find the largest possible area of quadrilateral DEFGD E F G.

Solution

Solution:

Assume EE is between DD and BB, and FF is between GG and BB (the alternative is to switch two points, say DD and EE, which clearly gives a non-convex quadrilateral with smaller area).

If two triangles have their bases on the same line and the same opposite vertex, then it follows from the 12bh\frac{1}{2} b h formula that their areas are in the same ratio as their bases. In particular (brackets denote areas),
[DBG][ABC]=[DBG][ABG][ABG][ABC]=DBABBGBC=2323=49, \frac{[D B G]}{[A B C]} = \frac{[D B G]}{[A B G]} \cdot \frac{[A B G]}{[A B C]} = \frac{D B}{A B} \cdot \frac{B G}{B C} = \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{3} = \frac{4}{9},
and similarly [EBF]/[ABC]=1/9[E B F] / [A B C] = 1 / 9. Subtracting gives [DEFG]/[ABC]=1/3[D E F G] / [A B C] = 1 / 3, so the answer is [ABC]/3=17[A B C] / 3 = 17.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.