Let , and be real numbers such that . Prove that
When does the equality hold?
Solution
The inequality is equivalent to . Since is positive and we have . A similar reasoning shows that and . Hence, the inequality holds.
The equality holds if and only if , and . If , then the third equality implies and the second equality then implies . Otherwise, we must have and then the second equation implies and from the third equation we get . Hence, the equality holds when or .
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