Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.4 Shortlist Prove it Bulgaria

Problem:
Let CLCL and CKCK be the inner and the outer bisectors of angle ACBACB in ABC\triangle ABC, AC>BCAC > BC and let CMCM be its median. A point PP on CMCM is such that the points C,A1,B1C, A_{1}, B_{1} and PP are concyclic, where A1=APBCA_{1} = AP \rightarrow \cap BC and B1=BPACB_{1} = BP \rightarrow \cap AC. Prove that the points C,K,LC, K, L and PP are also concyclic.

Solution

Solution:
It follows from Ceva's theorem that AMBA1CB1MBA1CB1A=1\frac{AM \cdot BA_{1} \cdot CB_{1}}{MB \cdot A_{1}C \cdot B_{1}A} = 1, i.e. CB1B1A=CA1A1B\frac{CB_{1}}{B_{1}A} = \frac{CA_{1}}{A_{1}B}. Thus, A1B1ABA_{1}B_{1} \parallel AB and A 1 B 1 C = BAC\text{A 1 B 1 C = BAC}. We have APM = A 1 PC = A 1 C 2 = A 1 B 1 C = BAC\text{APM = A 1 PC = A 1 C 2 = A 1 B 1 C = BAC}. Therefore
PAMACM\triangle PAM \sim \triangle ACM and analogously PBMBCM\triangle PBM \sim \triangle BCM. It follows from above that APAC=AMCM=BMCM=BPBC\frac{AP}{AC} = \frac{AM}{CM} = \frac{BM}{CM} = \frac{BP}{BC}, which implies that APBP=ACBC=ALBL\frac{AP}{BP} = \frac{AC}{BC} = \frac{AL}{BL}, i.e. PLPL is the inner bisector of APB\text{APB}. Moreover, AKBK=ACBC=APBP\frac{AK}{BK} = \frac{AC}{BC} = \frac{AP}{BP}, i.e. PKPK is the outer bisector of APB\text{APB}. Therefore LPB = 90\text{LPB = 90} implying that PP lies on the circle with diameter KLKL. Note that the point CC lies on the same circle, which completes the proof.

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