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International Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 8.7 Shortlist Prove it China

Consider five points AA, BB, CC, DD and EE such that ABCDABCD is a parallelogram and BCEDBCED is a cyclic quadrilateral. Let ll be a line passing through AA. Suppose that ll intersects the interior of the segment DCDC at FF and intersects line BCBC at GG. Suppose also that EF=EG=ECEF = EG = EC. Prove that ll is the bisector of ∠DAB\angle DAB.

Solution

Draw the altitudes of two isosceles triangles EGCEGC and ECFECF as in the figure.
In view of the given condition, it is easy to see that △ADF∼△GCF\triangle ADF \sim \triangle GCF. Hence
Figure 1

ADGC=DFCF⇒BCCG=DFCF⇒BCCL=DFCK⇒BC+CLCL=DF+FKCK⇒BLCL=DKCK⇒BLDK=CLCK.① \begin{aligned} \frac{AD}{GC} &= \frac{DF}{CF} \Rightarrow \frac{BC}{CG} = \frac{DF}{CF} \Rightarrow \frac{BC}{CL} = \frac{DF}{CK} \\ &\Rightarrow \frac{BC + CL}{CL} = \frac{DF + FK}{CK} \\ &\Rightarrow \frac{BL}{CL} = \frac{DK}{CK} \\ &\Rightarrow \frac{BL}{DK} = \frac{CL}{CK}. \end{aligned} \quad ①

Since BCEDBCED is a cyclic quadrilateral, ∠LBE=∠EDK\angle LBE = \angle EDK, this yields △BLE∼△DKE\triangle BLE \sim \triangle DKE, where both are right-angled triangles.
SoBLDK=ELEK.② \text{So} \qquad \frac{BL}{DK} = \frac{EL}{EK}. \qquad ②

In view of ① and ②, CLCK=ELEK\frac{CL}{CK} = \frac{EL}{EK}, this means △CLE∼△CKE\triangle CLE \sim \triangle CKE.
Thus
CLCK=CECE=1, \frac{CL}{CK} = \frac{CE}{CE} = 1,
i.e. CL=CK⇒CG=CFCL = CK \Rightarrow CG = CF.
It is intuitively obvious that ∠BAG=∠GAD\angle BAG = \angle GAD. Hence ll is the bisector.

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