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Algebra Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Austria

Let aa, bb and cc be positive real numbers satisfying a+b+c+2=abca + b + c + 2 = abc.
Prove
(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)27. (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) \geq 27.
When does equality occur?

Solution

Answer. Equality occurs if and only if a=b=c=2a = b = c = 2.

We set x=a+1x = a + 1, y=b+1y = b + 1 and z=c+1z = c + 1. Thus we have to show
xyz27 xyz \geq 27
subject to
xyz=xy+yz+zx. xyz = xy + yz + zx.
From the constraint we get
xyz=xy+yz+zx3x2y2z23 xyz = xy + yz + zx \geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}
by using the inequality between the arithmetic and the geometric means of xyxy, yzyz and zxzx. This is clearly equivalent to xyz27xyz \geq 27.
Equality occurs if and only if xy=yz=zxxy = yz = zx, or, equivalently, x=y=zx = y = z. By the constraint, this is equivalent to x=y=z=3x = y = z = 3 and finally a=b=c=2a = b = c = 2.

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