Let , and be positive real numbers satisfying .
Prove
When does equality occur?
Solution
Answer. Equality occurs if and only if .
We set , and . Thus we have to show
subject to
From the constraint we get
by using the inequality between the arithmetic and the geometric means of , and . This is clearly equivalent to .
Equality occurs if and only if , or, equivalently, . By the constraint, this is equivalent to and finally .
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