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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Romania

Consider an acute triangle ABCABC in which A1A_1, B1B_1, and C1C_1 are the feet of the altitudes dropped from AA, BB, and CC, respectively, and HH is the orthocenter. The perpendiculars dropped from HH onto A1C1A_1C_1 and A1B1A_1B_1 intersect lines ABAB and ACAC at PP and QQ, respectively. Prove that the line perpendicular to B1C1B_1C_1 that passes through AA also contains the midpoint of the line segment PQPQ.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Point HH is the incenter of triangle A1B1C1A_1B_1C_1, while AA is the excenter of the same triangle, corresponding to the side B1C1B_1C_1. Let DD, EE, and FF be the orthogonal projections of points PP, QQ, and HH, respectively, onto the line B1C1B_1C_1. Let SS be the intersection of lines PHPH and A1C1A_1C_1, and let TT be the intersection of lines QHQH and A1B1A_1B_1. Then it follows that C1D=C1S=C1FC_1D = C_1S = C_1F (1), and B1E=B1T=B1FB_1E = B_1T = B_1F (2). If MM is the projection of AA onto B1C1B_1C_1, it follows that FC1=MB1FC_1 = MB_1 (3). From (1), (2), and (3) we obtain that MM is the midpoint of the line segment DEDE. Thus, AMAM is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment DEDE and, in the right trapezoid DEQPDEQP, it cuts side PQPQ at its midpoint.

Solution 2

Figure 1

Let AA', BB' and CC' be the reflections of point HH with respect to the sides BCBC, CACA, and ABAB, respectively. Triangle ABCA'B'C' is the image of triangle A1B1C1A_1B_1C_1 through a homothety centered at HH, and has the same circumcircle as ABCABC. Moreover, AHA'H, BHB'H, and CHC'H are the angle bisectors of triangle ABCA'B'C'. Triangle QHBQHB' is isosceles with QH=QBQH = QB', therefore HBQ=QHB\angle HB'Q = \angle QHB'. It follows that CBQ=HBQ+CBH=QHB1+C1B1H=QHB1+HB1A1=90\angle C'B'Q = \angle HB'Q + \angle C'B'H = \angle QHB_1 + \angle C_1B_1H = \angle QHB_1 + \angle HB_1A_1 = 90^\circ. Similarly, BCP=90\angle B'C'P = 90^\circ. As AB=ACAB' = AC', the perpendicular from AA to B1C1B_1C_1 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment BCB'C', hence parallel with QBQB' and PCPC', so it will cut the side PQPQ of the trapezoid BCPQB'C'PQ at its midpoint.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.