Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

ABCDABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which AB=4AB = 4, BC=3BC = 3, CD=2CD = 2, and AD=5AD = 5. Diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at XX. A circle ω\omega passes through AA and is tangent to BDBD at XX. ω\omega intersects ABAB and ADAD at YY and ZZ respectively. Compute YZ/BDYZ / BD.

Figure 1

Solution

Solution:

Answer: 115143\frac{115}{143}. Denote the lengths AB,BC,CDAB, BC, CD, and DADA by a,b,ca, b, c, and dd respectively. Because ABCDABCD is cyclic, ABXDCX\triangle ABX \sim \triangle DCX and ADXBCX\triangle ADX \sim \triangle BCX. It follows that AXDX=BXCX=ac\frac{AX}{DX} = \frac{BX}{CX} = \frac{a}{c} and AXBX=DXCX=db\frac{AX}{BX} = \frac{DX}{CX} = \frac{d}{b}. Therefore we may write AX=adkAX = adk, BX=abkBX = abk, CX=bckCX = bck, and DX=cdkDX = cdk for some kk.

Now, XDC=BAX=YXB\angle XDC = \angle BAX = \angle YXB and DCX=XBY\angle DCX = \angle XBY, so BXYCDX\triangle BXY \sim \triangle CDX. Thus, XY=DXBXCD=cdkabkc=abdk2XY = DX \cdot \frac{BX}{CD} = cdk \cdot \frac{abk}{c} = abd k^2. Analogously, XZ=acdk2XZ = acd k^2. Note that XY/XZ=CB/CDXY / XZ = CB / CD. Since YXZ=πZAY=BCD\angle YXZ = \pi - \angle ZAY = \angle BCD, we have that XYZCBD\triangle XYZ \sim \triangle CBD. Thus, YZ/BD=XY/CB=adk2YZ / BD = XY / CB = ad k^2.

Finally, Ptolemy's theorem applied to ABCDABCD gives
(ad+bc)k(ab+cd)k=ac+bd (ad + bc)k \cdot (ab + cd)k = ac + bd
It follows that the answer is
ad(ac+bd)(ab+cd)(ad+bc)=20232226=115143 \frac{ad(ac + bd)}{(ab + cd)(ad + bc)} = \frac{20 \cdot 23}{22 \cdot 26} = \frac{115}{143}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.