Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2015

Number theory Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Slovenia

Jure wrote positive integers 1 through 2015 on a whiteboard. Urška then inspected the written numbers from smallest to largest respectively and erased each number that was not divisible by 3. From the numbers still left on the whiteboard she then erased from smallest to largest each number that was not divisible by 323^2. From the remaining numbers she then erased from smallest to largest each number that was not divisible by 333^3, and so on. Which number did Urška erase last?

Solution

After Urška inspected all the written numbers for the first time only numbers divisible by 3 were left on the whiteboard. After her second inspection only numbers divisible by 323^2 were left. After the third inspection only numbers divisible by 333^3 were left, and so on. The largest power of the number 3 smaller than 2015 is 36=7293^6 = 729 since 37=21873^7 = 2187. Thus, after Urška inspected the numbers for the sixth time only the numbers divisible by 729 were left on the whiteboard, they are 729 in 1458. In the next step she erased both this numbers since they are not divisible by 2187. Urška erased the number 1458 last.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.