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Saudi Arabian Mathematical Competitions

Geometry Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be a non-isosceles triangle with incenter II and let the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC has radius RR. Let ALAL be the external angle bisector of ∠BAC\angle BAC with L∈BCL \in BC. Let KK be the point on the perpendicular bisector of BCBC such that IL⊥IKIL \perp IK. Prove that OK=3ROK = 3R.

Solution

Denote MM as the midpoint of the arc BCBC not containing AA of (O)(O), we need to prove MK=2OMMK = 2OM. Denote BD,CEBD, CE as the internal bisectors of ABCABC then D,E,LD, E, L are collinear. Note that L(AI,DB)=−1L(AI, DB) = -1 and take the orthogonal projection from II to get (Ix,Iy,IK,IM)=−1(Ix, Iy, IK, IM) = -1 in which
IM⊥LA,IK⊥LI,Iy⊥LD,Ix⊥LB IM \perp LA, IK \perp LI, Iy \perp LD, Ix \perp LB
Suppose that IyIy cuts MKMK at O′O', combining with Ix∥MKIx \parallel MK, then O′O' is the midpoint of MKMK. Thus it remains to prove MM is the midpoint of OO′OO'.
Denote TT as the ex-center with respect to angle AA of triangle ABCABC then MM is the midpoint of ITIT. Then MO=MO′MO = MO' if and only if IO′∥OTIO' \parallel OT, or OT⊥DEOT \perp DE.
Now take U,VU, V as the ex-centers with respect to angles B,CB, C of triangle ABCABC then A,B,CA, B, C are the foot of altitudes in triangle TUVTUV and I,OI, O are the orthocenter and nine-point center of that triangle, thus the reflection SS of II over OO is the circumcenter. Note that B,D,UB, D, U and C,E,VC, E, V are collinear then
PD/(O)=DA‾⋅DC‾=DU‾⋅DI‾=PD/(IUV) \mathcal{P}_{D/(O)} = \overline{DA} \cdot \overline{DC} = \overline{DU} \cdot \overline{DI} = \mathcal{P}_{D/(IUV)}
and similarly, PE/(O)=PE/(IUV)\mathcal{P}_{E/(O)} = \mathcal{P}_{E/(IUV)} so DEDE is the radical axis of (O)(O) and (IUV)(IUV) which implies that DEDE is perpendicular to the line joining centers of (O)(O) and (IUV)(IUV). We know that center ZZ of (IUV)(IUV) is the reflection of SS over UVUV, and since IT=2NSIT = 2NS, it is easy to check that Z∈TOZ \in TO. Thus, we have DE⊥OTDE \perp OT which finishes the proof. □\square

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