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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Non-negative real numbers xx, yy, zz satisfy the relations xy+42(x+z)xy + 4 \le 2(x+z), yz+42(y+x)yz + 4 \le 2(y+x), zx+42(z+y)zx + 4 \le 2(z+y). Prove that x=y=zx = y = z.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

The hypothesis can be written in the form x(y2)2(z2)x(y-2) \le 2(z-2), y(z2)2(x2)y(z-2) \le 2(x-2), z(x2)2(y2)z(x-2) \le 2(y-2). If x2<0x-2 < 0, using the second relation we get z2<0z-2 < 0, then, according to the first, we obtain y2<0y-2 < 0, so xx, yy, z(0,2)z \in (0, 2) and xyz<8xyz < 8. We also have x(2y)2(2z)>0x(2-y) \ge 2(2-z) > 0, y(2z)2(2x)>0y(2-z) \ge 2(2-x) > 0, z(2x)2(2y)>0z(2-x) \ge 2(2-y) > 0. Now, multiplying the two inequalities and, after that, dividing by (2x)(2y)(2z)>0(2-x)(2-y)(2-z) > 0, we obtain xyz8xyz \ge 8, which is in contradiction with xyz<8xyz < 8. Analogously, we obtain that, if x>2x > 2, then y>2y > 2 and z>2z > 2, so xyz>8xyz > 8. Multiplying these relations we get xyz8xyz \le 8 – contradiction. Therefore x=2x = 2. Substituting in the initial conditions we obtain yz2yy \le z \le 2 \le y, so x=y=z=2x = y = z = 2.

Solution 2

We have ab+42(a+b)=(a2)(b2)ab + 4 - 2(a+b) = (a-2)(b-2). (1)
Suppose that one of the three numbers is less than 22, for example x<2x < 2. Then yz+42(y+x)<2y+4yz + 4 \le 2(y+x) < 2y+4, so z<2z < 2. It follows from this that xy+42(x+z)<2x+4xy + 4 \le 2(x+z) < 2x + 4, so y<2y < 2. From (1) we obtain xy+4>2(x+y)xy + 4 > 2(x+y) and the analogues, so xy+12>4x\sum xy + 12 > 4 \sum x, which contradicts the hypothesis. Thus xx, yy, z2z \ge 2. From (1) we deduce that xy+42(x+y)xy + 4 \ge 2(x+y) and the analogues. By adding them we obtain xy+124x\sum xy + 12 \ge 4 \sum x. Taking into account this relation and the hypothesis we deduce that all the previous inequalities must be equalities, so x=y=z=2x = y = z = 2.

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