Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2008

Algebra Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

Prove that inequality
xx2+y+z+yx+y2+z+zx+y+z23 \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + y + z}} + \frac{y}{\sqrt{x + y^2 + z}} + \frac{z}{\sqrt{x + y + z^2}} \le \sqrt{3}
is true for any random nonnegative real numbers x,y,zx, y, z which obey equality x2+y2+z2=3x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3.

Solution

Cauchy-Bunyakowsky inequality implies that you just have to prove the following inequality:
(xx2+y+z+yy2+z+x+zz2+x+y)(x+y+z)3. And since(x+y+z)23(x2+y2+z2)=9, it’s enough to prove that \left( \frac{x}{x^2 + y + z} + \frac{y}{y^2 + z + x} + \frac{z}{z^2 + x + y} \right) (x + y + z) \le 3. \text{ And since} \\ (x + y + z)^2 \le 3(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) = 9, \text{ it's enough to prove that}
xx2+y+z+yy2+z+x+zz2+x+y1. \frac{x}{x^2 + y + z} + \frac{y}{y^2 + z + x} + \frac{z}{z^2 + x + y} \le 1.

We obtain (a2+b+c)(1+b+c)(a+b+c)2(a^2 + b + c)(1 + b + c) \geq (a + b + c)^2 for non-negative a,b,ca, b, c. Therefore, aa2+b+ca(1+b+c)(a+b+c)2\frac{a}{a^2+b+c} \leq \frac{a(1+b+c)}{(a+b+c)^2}. If we add all these inequalities, we obtain that it's enough to prove that: x(1+y+z)+y(1+z+x)+z(1+x+y)(x+y+z)21\frac{x(1+y+z)+y(1+z+x)+z(1+x+y)}{(x+y+z)^2} \leq 1. This inequality is equivalent to x+y+zx2+y2+z2=3x+y+z \leq x^2+y^2+z^2=3, which has already been proved.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.