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Geometry Difficulty 7.5 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Japan

Suppose a cube ABCDABCD-EFGHEFGH having a side length of 20122012 and a plane are placed in space, and the intersection of the plane and the cube forms a hexagon IJKLMNIJKLMN, where the points II, JJ, KK, LL, MM, NN lie on the sides AEAE, EFEF, FGFG, GCGC, CDCD, DADA, respectively, as shown in figure 3 below.
If AIGL=8AI - GL = 8, CMEJ=6CM - EJ = 6, FKDN=4FK - DN = 4, determine the value obtained by subtracting the area of the hexagon IJKLMNIJKLMN from the sum of the areas of the triangles IKMIKM and JLNJLN. Here we denote for a line segment XYXY its length also by XYXY.

Figure 1

Solution

Take three points PP, QQ, RR inside of the cube in such a way that the quadrilaterals KLMPKLMP, MNIQMNIQ and IJKRIJKR are parallelograms. Since IJIJ and MLML are parallel, so are PKPK and RKRK, and we see that the points PP, RR, KK lie on a same straight line. Therefore, we conclude that the hexagon IJKLMNIJKLMN is partitioned into 3 parallelograms and a triangle PQRPQR as indicated in the figure below.

Figure 2

We then have
ΔIKM=ΔIKR+ΔKMP+ΔMIQ+ΔPQR=12(IJKR+KLMP+MNIQ)+ΔPQR=12(aΔPQR)+ΔPQR=12(a+ΔPQR). \begin{aligned} \Delta IKM &= \Delta IKR + \Delta KMP + \Delta MIQ + \Delta PQR \\ &= \frac{1}{2}(\square IJKR + \square KLMP + \square MNIQ) + \Delta PQR \\ &= \frac{1}{2}(a - \Delta PQR) + \Delta PQR = \frac{1}{2}(a + \Delta PQR). \end{aligned}

Here we are denoting ΔXYZ\Delta XYZ and XYZW\square XYZW for the areas of the triangle XYZXYZ and of the quadrilateral XYZWXYZW, respectively. We note also that since PP and RR lie on the same side from KK on the line PKPK, PR=PKRK=MLIJPR = |PK - RK| = |ML - IJ| holds. Similarly, we have PQ=NILKPQ = |NI - LK| and QR=JKMNQR = |JK - MN|.

Next, take three points PP', QQ', RR' inside of the cube so that the quadrilaterals NIJPNIJP', JKLQJKLQ', LMNRLMNR' are parallelograms. Then, in the same way as above, we obtain that ΔJLN=12(a+ΔPQR)\Delta JLN = \frac{1}{2}(a + \Delta P'Q'R'). Furthermore, we get PR=MLIJ=PRP'R' = |ML - IJ| = PR, PQ=NILK=PQP'Q' = |NI - LK| = PQ and QR=JKMN=QRQ'R' = |JK - MN| = QR. Hence, the triangles PQRPQR and PQRP'Q'R' are congruent, and in particular, we have ΔPQR=ΔPQR\Delta PQR = \Delta P'Q'R'. Thus we obtain the fact that the answer we seek is ΔIKM+ΔJLNa=ΔPQR\Delta IKM + \Delta JLN - a = \Delta PQR, and thus it is enough to find the area of the triangle PQRPQR.

Let us now observe that the right triangles EJIEJI and CMLCML are similar since the corresponding sides are parallel. Therefore, we have
EJ:EI:IJ=(CMEJ):(CLEI):(LMIJ)=6:((2012GL)(2012AI)):(MLIJ)=6:8:(MLIJ). \begin{aligned} EJ : EI : IJ &= (CM - EJ) : (CL - EI) : (LM - IJ) \\ &= 6 : ((2012 - GL) - (2012 - AI)) : (ML - IJ) = 6 : 8 : (ML - IJ). \end{aligned}
Since the triangle for which the ratios of the lengths of the three sides are 6:8:MLIJ6 : 8 : |ML - IJ| is a right triangle whose hypotenuse is the side with length MLIJ|ML - IJ|, we get MLIJ=62+82=10|ML - IJ| = \sqrt{6^2 + 8^2} = 10. Thus, we get PR=10PR = 10. Similarly, we obtain PQ=NILK=42+82=45PQ = |NI - LK| = \sqrt{4^2 + 8^2} = 4\sqrt{5} and QR=JKMN=42+62=213QR = |JK - MN| = \sqrt{4^2 + 6^2} = 2\sqrt{13}.

Let SS be the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from QQ to PRPR and let x=RSx = RS (assume that if SS lies on the opposite side from PP with respect to RR, then xx is negative). Then, from the Pythagorean theorem, we get
(213)2x2=QS2=(45)2(10x)2. (2\sqrt{13})^2 - x^2 = QS^2 = (4\sqrt{5})^2 - (10 - x)^2.
Solving for xx we obtain x=185x = \frac{18}{5}, and then we get QS=4615QS = \frac{4\sqrt{61}}{5}. Finally, we obtain
ΔPQR=12104615=461, \Delta PQR = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 10 \cdot \frac{4\sqrt{61}}{5} = 4\sqrt{61},
which is the desired answer for the problem.

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