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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Belarus

Given two hyperbolae H1H_1 and H2H_2 with the equations y=1/xy = 1/x and y=1/xy = -1/x, respectively. Let MM be an arbitrary point on H1H_1. Let M1M_1 and M2M_2 be the tangency points of the lines MM1MM_1 and MM2MM_2 with the hyperbola H2H_2.
Prove that the line M1M2M_1M_2 is tangent line of H1H_1.

Solution

Without loss of generality we may assume that the point M(a;1/a)M(a; 1/a) lies on the upper-right half-hyperbola H1H_1, y=1/xy = 1/x. M1(b1;1/b1)M_1(b_1; -1/b_1) and M2(b2;1/b2)M_2(b_2; -1/b_2) be the points of tangency with H2H_2, mentioned in the problem condition (see the Fig.).

Figure 1

Since the derivative of the function y(x)=1/xy(x) = -1/x is equal to y(x)=1x2y'(x) = \frac{1}{x^2}, the equation of the line tangent to H2H_2 at (b;1/b)(b; -1/b) has the form
y=1b2(xb)1b. y = \frac{1}{b^2}(x - b) - \frac{1}{b}.
Since M(a;1/a)M(a; 1/a) belongs to this tangent, we have 1a=1b2(ab)1b\frac{1}{a} = \frac{1}{b^2}(a-b) - \frac{1}{b}. Therefore, the abscissae b1b_1 and b2b_2 of M1M_1 and M2M_2 satisfy the equation
b2+2aba2=0.(1) b^2 + 2ab - a^2 = 0. \quad (1)
The equation of the straight line passing through M1M_1 can be written as y=k(xb1)1b1y = k(x - b_1) - \frac{1}{b_1}, and if this line passes through M2M_2, then

1b2=k(b2b1)1b1\frac{1}{b_2} = k(b_2 - b_1) - \frac{1}{b_1}, so k=1b1b2k = \frac{1}{b_1 b_2} since b1b2b_1 \neq b_2. Therefore, the equation of the line M1M2M_1 M_2 has the form
y=1b1b2(xb1)1b1    y=1b1b2x1b21b1    y=x(b1+b2)b1b2. y = \frac{1}{b_1 b_2} (x - b_1) - \frac{1}{b_1} \iff y = \frac{1}{b_1 b_2} x - \frac{1}{b_2} - \frac{1}{b_1} \iff y = \frac{x - (b_1 + b_2)}{b_1 b_2}.
Since b1b_1 and b2b_2 are the roots of (1), by Vieta's theorem, we have b1b2=a2b_1 b_2 = -a^2, b1+b2=2ab_1 + b_2 = -2a. Then the equation of the line M1M2M_1 M_2 has the form
y=x+2aa2. y = \frac{x + 2a}{-a^2}.
Note that y=1/ay = -1/a, for x=ax = -a, i.e., the point N(a;1/a)N(-a; -1/a) lying on the hyperbola H1H_1 belongs to the line M1M2M_1 M_2. It remains to note that the slope of the line tangent to H1H_1 at N(a;1/a)N(-a; -1/a) is equal to y(a)=1(a)2y'(-a) = -\frac{1}{(-a)^2}, i.e., coincides with the slope of the line M1M2M_1 M_2. Therefore, the line M1M2M_1 M_2 touches the hyperbola H1H_1 (at the point NN).

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