Let be a triangle, let be its circumcentre, let be the orthogonal projection of on the line , and let be a point on the open ray emanating from . The internal bisectrix of the angle meets the circumcircle of again at . Let be the midpoint of the segment . The line through and parallel to the line meets the line at . Prove that the angles and are equal.
Solution
Choose a point such that is a parallelogram. Since the lines and are parallel, this point lies on the line (see Fig. 1). We prove that the triangles and are similar. Since the line bisects the segment the conclusion follows.
It is well known that the internal bisectrix of the angle is also the internal bisectrix of the angle . Next, the corresponding sides of the triangles and are parallel, so these triangles are similar.
. Along with the equality of the angles and , this proves the required similarity of the triangles and .
Let be the points of intersection of the pairs of lines and , and , and , and and , respectively (see Fig. 2). Since the angles and are the same, we show that is the internal bisectrix of the latter.
Apply Menelaus' theorem to both triangles and and the transversal to write
respectively. Since and are parallel and , it follows that . In the triangle , the line is parallel to , so lies on the -median, and therefore . Hence and are parallel, so .
Combining the obtained relations we get
or . Thus, . This shows that the triangles and are similar, and . Finally, by we obtain , as required.