AlgebraDifficulty 5.1AIME, harderProve itUnited States
Problem:
Suppose x and y are real numbers such that −1<x<y<1. Let G be the sum of the geometric series whose first term is x and whose ratio is y, and let G′ be the sum of the geometric series whose first term is y and ratio is x. If G=G′, find x+y.
Solution
Solution:
We note that G=1−yx and G′=1−xy. Setting them equal gives 1−yx=1−xy Cross-multiplying, we get x(1−x)=y(1−y) Expanding both sides: x−x2=y−y2 Bringing all terms to one side: x−x2−y+y2=0 (x−y)+(y2−x2)=0 (x−y)+(y−x)(y+x)=0 (x−y)−(x−y)(x+y)=0 (x−y)[1−(x+y)]=0 Since x<y, x−y=0, so 1−(x+y)=0, i.e., x+y=1.
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