Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Balkan Mathematical Olympiad

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle with ABACAB \neq AC and circumcircle Γ\Gamma. The angle bisector of BACBAC intersects BCBC and Γ\Gamma at DD and EE respectively. Circle with diameter DEDE intersects Γ\Gamma again at FEF \neq E. Point PP is on AFAF such that PB=PCPB = PC and XX and YY are feet of perpendiculars from PP to ABAB and ACAC respectively. Let HH and HH' be the ortocenters of ABCABC and AXYAXY respectively. AHAH meets Γ\Gamma again at QQ. If AHAH' and HHHH' intersect the circle with diameter AHAH again at points SS and TT, respectively, prove that the lines ATAT, HSHS and FQFQ are concurrent.

Solution

WLOG, assume AB<ACAB < AC. Let MM be the midpoint of side BCBC and let the circumcircle of DFEDFE intersect AFAF again at KK. Since
90+MED=180MDE=ABC+BAC2=AFE=DFE+AFD=90+AFD 90^\circ + \angle MED = 180^\circ - \angle MDE = \angle ABC + \frac{\angle BAC}{2} = \angle AFE = \angle DFE + \angle AFD = 90^\circ + \angle AFD
it follows that
AFD=ABCACB2=MED \angle AFD = \frac{\angle ABC - \angle ACB}{2} = \angle MED
Because
DKE=DME=90 \angle DKE = \angle DME = 90^\circ
and
KED=KFE=MED \angle KED = \angle KFE = \angle MED
we get KDEMDE\triangle KDE \cong \triangle MDE from which it follows that DEDE is the perpendicular bisector of MKMK and here we get
FAD=KAD=MAD \angle FAD = \angle KAD = \angle MAD
It is obvious that PP is the intersection of MEME and AFAF. Let MEME intersect Γ\Gamma again at LL. From the angle bisector theorem in triangle AMP\triangle AMP we get
PEME=APAM=LPLM(1) \frac{PE}{ME} = \frac{AP}{AM} = \frac{LP}{LM} \quad (1)
(LALA is the external angle bisector of MAP\angle MAP since LELE is the diameter of Γ\Gamma). Now we prove that CECE and CLCL are angle bisectors of MCP\angle MCP. Let MM' be the point on LELE such that MCE=ECP\angle M'CE = \angle ECP. From the angle bisector theorem we get
MEPE=CMCP=MLPL(2) \frac{M'E}{PE} = \frac{CM'}{CP} = \frac{M'L}{PL} \quad (2)
Multiplying (1) and (2) we get MELM=MEML\frac{ME}{LM} = \frac{M'E}{M'L} adding 1 on both sides we get LM=LMLM = LM' from which it follows that M=MM = M' and thus CECE and CLCL are the bisectors of MCP\angle MCP. Now we have
MPC=90MCP=902MCE=902EAC=90BAC \angle MPC = 90^\circ - \angle MCP = 90^\circ - 2\angle MCE = 90^\circ - 2\angle EAC = 90^\circ - \angle BAC
Figure 1

Since XX and YY are perpendicular to ABAB and ACAC we have BXPMBXPM and CYPMCYPM are concyclic. Here we get
MYC=MPC=90BAC\angle MYC = \angle MPC = 90^\circ - \angle BAC
and it follows that YMAXYM \perp AX. Similarly we get XMAYXM \perp AY and so MM is the ortocenter of AXY\triangle AXY giving us M=HM = H'.
Since ATHSATHS and ATQFATQF are both concyclic it is enough to prove that HSFQHSFQ is concyclic. Since
BQC=180BAC=BHC \angle BQC = 180^\circ - \angle BAC = \angle BHC
and HQBCHQ \perp BC it follows that BCBC is the perpendicular bisector of HQHQ. It is enough to prove that BCBC is the perpendicular bisector of SFSF. Let AMAM and THTH meet Γ\Gamma again at points AA' and NN respectively.
Since HNHN passes through the midpoint of side BCBC and
BHC=180BAC=BNC \angle BHC = 180^\circ - \angle BAC = \angle BNC
it follows that BNCHBNCH is a parallelogram. From here we get that
NCB=HBC=90ACB \angle NCB = \angle HBC = 90^\circ - \angle ACB
giving us NCA=90\angle NCA = 90^\circ and similarly NBA=90\angle NBA = 90^\circ. This means ANAN is the diameter of Γ\Gamma, so
NAA=NAA=90=HSA=HSA \angle NA'A' = \angle NA'A = 90^\circ = \angle HSA = \angle HSA'
and from here we have HSANHS \parallel A'N. Now since HSANHS \parallel A'N and MM is the midpoint of HNHN (because BHCNBHCN is a parallelogram) we get
Figure 2

that HSNAHSNA' is a paralelogram. Since
FAE=EAM=EAA \angle FAE = \angle EAM = \angle EAA'
Figure 3
HS, AT are concurrent.
we get that FABCFA'BC is an isosceles trapezoid which means that MEME is the perpendicular bisector of FAFA' (since it is the perpendicular bisector of BCBC).
This gives us BF=CA=BSBF = CA' = BS and CF=BA=CSCF = BA' = CS giving us that SBFCSBFC is a deltoid, meaning that BCBC is the perpendicular bisector of FSFS. This means that HSFQHSFQ is an isosceles trapezoid. Now from the radical axis theorem of the circumcircles of HSFQHSFQ, HSATHSAT and ATQFATQF we get that QFQF,

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.