Maths Olympiad Prep

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BMO, 2017

Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Balkan Mathematical Olympiad

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle with AB≠ACAB \neq AC and circumcircle Γ\Gamma. The angle bisector of BACBAC intersects BCBC and Γ\Gamma at DD and EE respectively. Circle with diameter DEDE intersects Γ\Gamma again at F≠EF \neq E. Point PP is on AFAF such that PB=PCPB = PC and XX and YY are feet of perpendiculars from PP to ABAB and ACAC respectively. Let HH and H′H' be the ortocenters of ABCABC and AXYAXY respectively. AHAH meets Γ\Gamma again at QQ. If AH′AH' and HH′HH' intersect the circle with diameter AHAH again at points SS and TT, respectively, prove that the lines ATAT, HSHS and FQFQ are concurrent.

Solution

WLOG, assume AB<ACAB < AC. Let MM be the midpoint of side BCBC and let the circumcircle of DFEDFE intersect AFAF again at KK. Since
90∘+∠MED=180∘−∠MDE=∠ABC+∠BAC2=∠AFE=∠DFE+∠AFD=90∘+∠AFD 90^\circ + \angle MED = 180^\circ - \angle MDE = \angle ABC + \frac{\angle BAC}{2} = \angle AFE = \angle DFE + \angle AFD = 90^\circ + \angle AFD
it follows that
∠AFD=∠ABC−∠ACB2=∠MED \angle AFD = \frac{\angle ABC - \angle ACB}{2} = \angle MED
Because
∠DKE=∠DME=90∘ \angle DKE = \angle DME = 90^\circ
and
∠KED=∠KFE=∠MED \angle KED = \angle KFE = \angle MED
we get △KDE≅△MDE\triangle KDE \cong \triangle MDE from which it follows that DEDE is the perpendicular bisector of MKMK and here we get
∠FAD=∠KAD=∠MAD \angle FAD = \angle KAD = \angle MAD
It is obvious that PP is the intersection of MEME and AFAF. Let MEME intersect Γ\Gamma again at LL. From the angle bisector theorem in triangle △AMP\triangle AMP we get
PEME=APAM=LPLM(1) \frac{PE}{ME} = \frac{AP}{AM} = \frac{LP}{LM} \quad (1)
(LALA is the external angle bisector of ∠MAP\angle MAP since LELE is the diameter of Γ\Gamma). Now we prove that CECE and CLCL are angle bisectors of ∠MCP\angle MCP. Let M′M' be the point on LELE such that ∠M′CE=∠ECP\angle M'CE = \angle ECP. From the angle bisector theorem we get
M′EPE=CM′CP=M′LPL(2) \frac{M'E}{PE} = \frac{CM'}{CP} = \frac{M'L}{PL} \quad (2)
Multiplying (1) and (2) we get MELM=M′EM′L\frac{ME}{LM} = \frac{M'E}{M'L} adding 1 on both sides we get LM=LM′LM = LM' from which it follows that M=M′M = M' and thus CECE and CLCL are the bisectors of ∠MCP\angle MCP. Now we have
∠MPC=90∘−∠MCP=90∘−2∠MCE=90∘−2∠EAC=90∘−∠BAC \angle MPC = 90^\circ - \angle MCP = 90^\circ - 2\angle MCE = 90^\circ - 2\angle EAC = 90^\circ - \angle BAC
Figure 1

Since XX and YY are perpendicular to ABAB and ACAC we have BXPMBXPM and CYPMCYPM are concyclic. Here we get
∠MYC=∠MPC=90∘−∠BAC\angle MYC = \angle MPC = 90^\circ - \angle BAC
and it follows that YM⊥AXYM \perp AX. Similarly we get XM⊥AYXM \perp AY and so MM is the ortocenter of △AXY\triangle AXY giving us M=H′M = H'.
Since ATHSATHS and ATQFATQF are both concyclic it is enough to prove that HSFQHSFQ is concyclic. Since
∠BQC=180∘−∠BAC=∠BHC \angle BQC = 180^\circ - \angle BAC = \angle BHC
and HQ⊥BCHQ \perp BC it follows that BCBC is the perpendicular bisector of HQHQ. It is enough to prove that BCBC is the perpendicular bisector of SFSF. Let AMAM and THTH meet Γ\Gamma again at points A′A' and NN respectively.
Since HNHN passes through the midpoint of side BCBC and
∠BHC=180∘−∠BAC=∠BNC \angle BHC = 180^\circ - \angle BAC = \angle BNC
it follows that BNCHBNCH is a parallelogram. From here we get that
∠NCB=∠HBC=90∘−∠ACB \angle NCB = \angle HBC = 90^\circ - \angle ACB
giving us ∠NCA=90∘\angle NCA = 90^\circ and similarly ∠NBA=90∘\angle NBA = 90^\circ. This means ANAN is the diameter of Γ\Gamma, so
∠NA′A′=∠NA′A=90∘=∠HSA=∠HSA′ \angle NA'A' = \angle NA'A = 90^\circ = \angle HSA = \angle HSA'
and from here we have HS∥A′NHS \parallel A'N. Now since HS∥A′NHS \parallel A'N and MM is the midpoint of HNHN (because BHCNBHCN is a parallelogram) we get
Figure 2

that HSNA′HSNA' is a paralelogram. Since
∠FAE=∠EAM=∠EAA′ \angle FAE = \angle EAM = \angle EAA'
Figure 3
HS, AT are concurrent.
we get that FA′BCFA'BC is an isosceles trapezoid which means that MEME is the perpendicular bisector of FA′FA' (since it is the perpendicular bisector of BCBC).
This gives us BF=CA′=BSBF = CA' = BS and CF=BA′=CSCF = BA' = CS giving us that SBFCSBFC is a deltoid, meaning that BCBC is the perpendicular bisector of FSFS. This means that HSFQHSFQ is an isosceles trapezoid. Now from the radical axis theorem of the circumcircles of HSFQHSFQ, HSATHSAT and ATQFATQF we get that QFQF,

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