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Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Estonia

In an acute triangle the feet of altitudes drawn from vertices AA and BB are DD and EE, respectively. Let MM be the midpoint of side ABAB. Line CMCM intersects the circumcircle of CDECDE again in point PP and the circumcircle of CABCAB again in point QQ. Prove that

MP=MQ. |MP| = |MQ|.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

The orthocenter HH of the triangle ABCABC is located on the circumcircle of the triangle CDECDE, because HDC+HEC=90+90=180\angle HDC + \angle HEC = 90^\circ + 90^\circ = 180^\circ (see fig. 35). Let α=BAC\alpha = \angle BAC; then also CHE=90ECH=α\angle CHE = 90^\circ - \angle ECH = \alpha. Therefore MPE=180CPE=180CHE=180α\angle MPE = 180^\circ - \angle CPE = 180^\circ - \angle CHE = 180^\circ - \alpha, from which we get that points A,M,P,EA, M, P, E are concyclic. Analogously we see that points B,M,P,DB, M, P, D are concyclic.

Point MM is the circumcenter of the right triangle ABEABE. Therefore ME=MA|ME| = |MA| and MEA=α\angle MEA = \alpha, due to which also MPA=α\angle MPA = \alpha. But since MQB=CQB=CAB=α\angle MQB = \angle CQB = \angle CAB = \alpha, we must have APBQAP \parallel BQ. Analogously BPAQBP \parallel AQ.

Figure 1
Figure 35

In conclusion we get that APBQAPBQ is a parallelogram with diagonals ABAB and PQPQ. As the diagonals of a parallelogram divide each other in half, the desired claim follows.

Solution 2

Similarly to the previous solution we show that points A,M,P,EA, M, P, E are located on one circle. Let uv\vec{u} \cdot \vec{v} be the dot product of vectors u\vec{u} and v\vec{v}. Then
ACBC=ACEC=MCPC=MC(MCMP)=MCMCMCMP. \overrightarrow{AC} \cdot \overrightarrow{BC} = \overrightarrow{AC} \cdot \overrightarrow{EC} = \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{PC} = \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot (\overrightarrow{MC} - \overrightarrow{MP}) = \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MC} - \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MP}.

On the other hand,
ACBC=(MCMA)(MCMB)==MCMCMCMBMAMC+MAMB==MCMCMC(MA+MB)+MAMB. \begin{align*} \overrightarrow{AC} \cdot \overrightarrow{BC} &= (\overrightarrow{MC} - \overrightarrow{MA}) \cdot (\overrightarrow{MC} - \overrightarrow{MB}) = \\ &= \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MC} - \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MB} - \overrightarrow{MA} \cdot \overrightarrow{MC} + \overrightarrow{MA} \cdot \overrightarrow{MB} = \\ &= \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MC} - \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot (\overrightarrow{MA} + \overrightarrow{MB}) + \overrightarrow{MA} \cdot \overrightarrow{MB}. \end{align*}

In conclusion MCMP=MC(MA+MB)MAMB\overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MP} = \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot (\overrightarrow{MA} + \overrightarrow{MB}) - \overrightarrow{MA} \cdot \overrightarrow{MB}. But as MM is the midpoint of ABAB, we have MA+MB=0\overrightarrow{MA} + \overrightarrow{MB} = \vec{0}, and due to choice of QQ, we also have MAMB=MCMQ\overrightarrow{MA} \cdot \overrightarrow{MB} = \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ}. Therefore MCMP=MCMQ\overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MP} = -\overrightarrow{MC} \cdot \overrightarrow{MQ}, meaning that

MC(MP+MQ)=0. \overrightarrow{MC} \cdot (\overrightarrow{MP} + \overrightarrow{MQ}) = 0.

As MP\overrightarrow{MP}, MQ\overrightarrow{MQ} and MC\overrightarrow{MC} have the same direction, the equality is true only if MP+MQ=0\overrightarrow{MP} + \overrightarrow{MQ} = \vec{0}. Therefore MP=MQ|MP| = |MQ|.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.