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National Olympiad of Argentina

Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Argentina

Let ABCDABCD be a trapezoid with AB∥CDAB \parallel CD, AB>CDAB > CD, and such that BC=CD=DABC = CD = DA. Points EE and FF divide ABAB into three equal parts; EE is between AA and FF. Lines CFCF and DEDE intersect at PP. Prove that ∠APB=∠DAB\angle APB = \angle DAB.

Solution

Extend PAPA and PBPB to meet CDCD at XX and YY respectively. Since XY∥ABXY \parallel AB, Thales' theorem yields XDAE=PDPE=CDFE\frac{XD}{AE} = \frac{PD}{PE} = \frac{CD}{FE}. Also AE=FEAE = FE, so XD=CDXD = CD, i.e. DD is the midpoint of XCXC. In addition CD=DACD = DA, hence DA=DX=DCDA = DX = DC. Thus triangle XCAXCA is right at AA, so that PA⊥ACPA \perp AC. By symmetry PB⊥BDPB \perp BD. Let OO be the circumcenter of ABCDABCD (an isosceles trapezoid is cyclic). Then OO and DD are both equidistant from AA and CC, hence ODOD is the perpendicular bisector of segment ACAC. In particular OD⊥ACOD \perp AC and likewise OC⊥BDOC \perp BD.

Figure 1

Now PA⊥ACPA \perp AC, PB⊥BDPB \perp BD yield PA∥ODPA \parallel OD; likewise PB∥OCPB \parallel OC. Hence ∠APB=∠DOC\angle APB = \angle DOC. Note that AA and OO are on the same side of chord CDCD in the circumcircle, hence ∠DOC=2∠DAC\angle DOC = 2\angle DAC. Note also that ACAC is the bisector of ∠DAB\angle DAB because CD=CBCD = CB due to CD=CBCD = CB. It follows that ∠DAB=2∠DAC=∠DOC\angle DAB = 2\angle DAC = \angle DOC and ∠APB=∠DOC=∠DAB\angle APB = \angle DOC = \angle DAB.

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