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Number theory Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

You are given a set of mm positive integers such that they all give distinct remainders modulo some positive integer nn. Prove that for any positive integer kmk \leq m this set can be partitioned into kk nonempty subsets such that the sums of the numbers in these subsets are also distinct modulo nn.

Solution

Let these numbers be a1,a2,...,ama_1, a_2, ..., a_m. It is enough to show that you can choose some two of these numbers ai,aja_i, a_j (with i<ji < j) so that all the numbers a1,a2,...,ai1,ai+1,...,aj1,aj+1,...,am,ai+aja_1, a_2, ..., a_{i-1}, a_{i+1}, ..., a_{j-1}, a_{j+1}, ..., a_m, a_i + a_j give distinct remainders when divided by nn, then we can combine the numbers (mk)(m-k) times and get the statement of the problem.
If any of the numbers is divisible by nn, for example, a1a_1 then we can combine the numbers a1,a2a_1, a_2.
Otherwise, replace these numbers with their remainders when divided by nn and sort them. Let 0<a1<a2...<am<n0 < a_1 < a_2 ... < a_m < n. Then we can combine a1,ama_1, a_m. Indeed: for any jj, a1+am>aja_1 + a_m > a_j and a1+am<aj+na_1 + a_m < a_j + n, so this remainder does not occur among the others.

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