AlgebraDifficulty 5.2AIME, harderProve itUnited States
Problem: Let f(x)=x4+14x3+52x2+56x+16. Let z1,z2,z3,z4 be the four roots of f. Find the smallest possible value of ∣zazb+zczd∣ where {a,b,c,d}={1,2,3,4}.
Solution
Solution: Note that 161f(2x)=x4+7x3+13x2+7x+1. Because the coefficients of this polynomial are symmetric, if r is a root of f(x) then r4 is as well. Further, f(−1)=−1 and f(−2)=16 so f(x) has two distinct roots on (−2,0) and two more roots on (−∞,−2). Now, if σ is a permutation of {1,2,3,4}: zσ(1)zσ(2)+zσ(3)zσ(4)≤21(zσ(1)zσ(2)+zσ(3)zσ(4)+zσ(4)zσ(3)+zσ(2)zσ(1)) Let the roots be ordered z1≤z2≤z3≤z4, then by rearrangement the last expression is at least: 21(z1z4+z2z3+z3z2+z4z1) Since the roots come in pairs z1z4=z2z3=4, our expression is minimized when σ(1)=1,σ(2)=4,σ(3)=3,σ(4)=2 and its minimum value is 8.
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