Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2011

Combinatorics Difficulty 4.8 AIME Prove it India

Suppose five of the nine vertices of a regular nine-sided polygon are arbitrarily chosen. Show that one can select four among these five such that they are the vertices of a trapezium.

Solution

Join the vertices of the nine-sided regular polygon. We get (92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36 line segments. All these fall into 99 sets of parallel lines. Now using any 55 points, we get (52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10 line segments. By the pigeon-hole principle, two of these must be parallel. But, these parallel lines determine a trapezium.

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