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Algebra Difficulty 4.8 AIME Prove it Romania

Let a,b,c,d[0,1]a, b, c, d \in [0, 1]. Prove that
a1+b+b1+c+c1+d+d1+a+abcd3. \frac{a}{1+b} + \frac{b}{1+c} + \frac{c}{1+d} + \frac{d}{1+a} + abcd \le 3.

Solution

We notice that
a1+b+b1+c+c1+d+d1+a+abcda1+abcd+b1+abcd+c1+abcd+d1+abcd+abcd=a+b+c+d1+abcd+abcd. \frac{a}{1+b} + \frac{b}{1+c} + \frac{c}{1+d} + \frac{d}{1+a} + abcd \le \frac{a}{1+abcd} + \frac{b}{1+abcd} + \frac{c}{1+abcd} + \frac{d}{1+abcd} + abcd = \frac{a+b+c+d}{1+abcd} + abcd.
Using repeatedly the inequality x+y1+xyx + y \le 1 + xy, x,y[0,1]\forall x, y \in [0, 1] (equivalent to (1x)(1y)0(1-x)(1-y) \ge 0, therefore true), we get a+b+c+d1+ab+1+cd=ab+cd+21+abcd+2=abcd+3a + b + c + d \le 1 + ab + 1 + cd = ab + cd + 2 \le 1 + abcd + 2 = abcd + 3.

Replacing x=abcd[0,1]x = abcd \in [0, 1], it is enough to prove that 1+21+x+x31 + \frac{2}{1+x} + x \le 3, that is 2+x2+x2x+22 + x^2 + x \le 2x + 2, or x(1x)0x(1-x) \ge 0, which is clearly true.

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