Vertices of a regular -gon have been colored blue and red such that for each rotation of the -gon, the number of vertices that have different colors before and after the rotation is less than 32 percent of the number of vertices. Prove that either the number of blue vertices or the number of red vertices is less than 20 percent of the number of vertices, .
Solution
Obviously, there are exactly different nontrivial rotations of a regular -gon (rotations of angles, for ). Denote the number of blue and red vertices of the polygon by and , respectively , and the number of vertices that have different colors before and after the rotation of angle by . According to the problem statement, for . On the other hand, during the rotations each blue vertex coincides with each red vertex exactly once and conversely, each red vertex coincides with each blue vertex exactly once. Therefore, from one hand the total number of pair of points with opposite colors after all of the nontrivial rotations is , and from another. Hence,
or equivalently,
which completes the proof.
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