Maths Olympiad Prep

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Taiwan IMO Selection Camp, 2022

Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

設四邊形 ABCDABCD 內接於一圓 Ω\Omega。過點 DD 與 Ω\Omega 相切的直線分別交射線 BABA, BCBC 於點 EE, FF。於三角形 ABCABC 內部選取一點 TT 使得 TE∥CDTE \parallel CD 且 TF∥ADTF \parallel AD。設點 KK 異於 DD 且落在線段 DFDF 上,滿足 TD=TKTD = TK。
試證:直線 ACAC, DTDT, BKBK 三線共點。

Let quadrilateral ABCDABCD be inscribed in a circle Ω\Omega. The line through point DD tangent to Ω\Omega meets rays BABA, BCBC at points EE, FF respectively. Choose a point TT inside triangle ABCABC such that TE∥CDTE \parallel CD and TF∥ADTF \parallel AD. Let KK be a point other than DD lying on segment DFDF such that TD=TKTD = TK.
Prove that the lines ACAC, DTDT, BKBK are concurrent.

Solution

Let the segments TETE and TFTF cross ACAC at PP and QQ, respectively. Since PE∥CDPE \parallel CD and EDED is tangent to the circumcircle of ABCDABCD, we have
∠EPA=∠DCA=∠EDA, \angle EPA = \angle DCA = \angle EDA,
and so the points AA, PP, DD, and EE lie on some circle α\alpha. Similarly, the points CC, QQ, DD, and FF lie on some circle γ\gamma.

We now want to prove that the line DTDT is tangent to both α\alpha and γ\gamma at DD. Indeed, since ∠FCD+∠EAD=180∘\angle FCD + \angle EAD = 180^\circ, the circles α\alpha and γ\gamma are tangent to each other at DD. To prove that TT lies on their common tangent line at DD (i.e., on their radical axis), it suffices to check that TP⋅TE=TQ⋅TFTP \cdot TE = TQ \cdot TF, or that the quadrilateral PEFQPEFQ is cyclic. This fact follows from
∠QFE=∠ADE=∠APE. \angle QFE = \angle ADE = \angle APE.

Since TD=TKTD = TK, we have ∠TKD=∠TDK\angle TKD = \angle TDK. Next, as TDTD and DEDE are tangent to α\alpha and Ω\Omega, respectively, we obtain
∠TKD=∠TDK=∠EAD=∠BDE, \angle TKD = \angle TDK = \angle EAD = \angle BDE,
which implies TK∥BDTK \parallel BD.

Next, we prove that the five points TT, PP, QQ, DD, and KK lie on some circle τ\tau. Indeed, since TDTD is tangent to the circle α\alpha we have
∠EPD=∠TDF=∠TKD, \angle EPD = \angle TDF = \angle TKD,
which means that the point PP lies on the circle (TDK)(TDK). Similarly, we have Q∈(TDK)Q \in (TDK).

Figure 1

Finally, we prove that PK∥BCPK \parallel BC. Indeed, using the circle τ\tau and γ\gamma we conclude that
∠PKD=∠PQD=∠DFC, \angle PKD = \angle PQD = \angle DFC,
which means that PK∥BCPK \parallel BC.

Triangles TPKTPK and DCBDCB have pairwise parallel sides, which implies the fact that TDTD, PCPC, and KBKB are concurrent, as desired.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.