Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /132 of 196

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Soviet Union

Problem:

ABCABC is an acute-angled triangle. The tangents to the circumcircle at AA and CC meet the tangent at BB at MM and NN. The altitude from BB meets ACAC at PP. Show that BPBP bisects the angle MPNMPN.

Solution

Solution:

If the tangent at BB is parallel to ACAC, then NBC=BCA\angle NBC = \angle BCA (parallel lines) and NBC=BAC\angle NBC = \angle BAC (NBNB tangent), so BCABCA is isosceles and BC=BABC = BA. Hence the figure is symmetrical about the line PBPB and so BPBP bisects MPNMPN.

So assume ACAC is not parallel to the tangent at BB. Assume it meets it at LL on the same side of BB as NN. Take AA' on the line ACAC so that MA=MAMA = MA'. We show that LMALMA' and LNCLNC are similar. Obviously the angles at LL are the same. MAL=MAL\angle MA'L = \angle MAL (MA=MAMA = MA') =ABC= \angle ABC (MAMA tangent) =LCN= \angle LCN (NCNC tangent). So the triangles are similar. Hence LN/NC=LM/MALN / NC = LM / MA'. But NC=NBNC = NB and MA=MA=MBMA' = MA = MB, so LN/NB=LM/MBLN / NB = LM / MB and hence LM/LN=MB/NBLM / LN = MB / NB. So the circle on LBLB as diameter has all points QQ on it satisfying QM/QN=BM/BNQM / QN = BM / BN. But LPB=90\angle LPB = 90^{\circ}, so PP must lie on the circle and hence PM/PN=BM/BNPM / PN = BM / BN. Hence PBPB is the angle bisector of MPNMPN.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.