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Slovenia — National Math Olympiad

Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Slovenia

Find all real numbers xx that solve the equation
log⁡2(10x)+log⁡4(100x)+log⁡8(1000x)−2log⁡64x=9. \log_2(10x) + \log_4(100x) + \log_8(1000x) - 2\log_{64} x = 9.
Write the result as a reduced fraction.

Solution

Rewrite the equation as
9=log⁡2(10x)+log⁡4(100x)+log⁡8(1000x)−2log⁡64x=log⁡2(10x)+log⁡(100x)log⁡4+log⁡(1000x)log⁡8−2log⁡xlog⁡64=log⁡2(10x)+log⁡(100x)2log⁡2+log⁡(1000x)3log⁡2−2log⁡x6log⁡2=log⁡2(10x)+12log⁡2(100x)+13log⁡2(1000x)−13log⁡2x=log⁡2(10x)+log⁡2(100x)+log⁡2(1000x3)−log⁡2x3=log⁡2(10x⋅100x⋅1000x3x3)=log⁡2(1000x33). \begin{align*} 9 &= \log_2(10x) + \log_4(100x) + \log_8(1000x) - 2\log_{64} x \\ &= \log_2(10x) + \frac{\log(100x)}{\log 4} + \frac{\log(1000x)}{\log 8} - \frac{2\log x}{\log 64} \\ &= \log_2(10x) + \frac{\log(100x)}{2\log 2} + \frac{\log(1000x)}{3\log 2} - \frac{2\log x}{6\log 2} \\ &= \log_2(10x) + \frac{1}{2}\log_2(100x) + \frac{1}{3}\log_2(1000x) - \frac{1}{3}\log_2 x \\ &= \log_2(10x) + \log_2(\sqrt{100x}) + \log_2(\sqrt[3]{1000x}) - \log_2\sqrt[3]{x} \\ &= \log_2\left(\frac{10x \cdot \sqrt{100x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{1000x}}{\sqrt[3]{x}}\right) \\ &= \log_2(1000\sqrt[3]{x^3}). \end{align*}
It follows that 1000x33=291000\sqrt[3]{x^3} = 2^9 or x=(29103)23=1625x = \left(\frac{2^9}{10^3}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}} = \frac{16}{25}.

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