Problem:
Let be a sequence of integers each lying in the interval . Suppose that the entries in sum to . Show that some nonempty subsequence of sums to zero.
Problem:
Let be a sequence of integers each lying in the interval . Suppose that the entries in sum to . Show that some nonempty subsequence of sums to zero.
Solution:
We may assume no entry of is zero, for otherwise we are done. We sort into a new list by selecting elements from one at a time in such a way that , and, for each , the sign of is opposite to that of the partial sum
(We can assume that each for otherwise we are done.) At each step of the selection process a candidate for is guaranteed to exist, since the condition implies that the sum of unselected entries in is either zero or has sign opposite to .
From the way they were defined, each of is one of the 1999 nonzero integers in the interval . By the Pigeon Hole Principle, for some satisfying . Thus and we are done.