Prove that
holds for all real numbers .
Determine all cases for which the equality is obtained.
Solution
Let us denote , and . Then , and the given inequality easily transforms into
which is true since all addends on the left-hand side are non-negative.
The equality is obtained if and only if , which is true if and only if at least two numbers among and are equal to , i.e. if and only if at least two numbers among and are equal to .
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